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The confusion between ‘Simulation’ and ‘Digital Twin’ often leads businesses to implement one technology while mistakenly believing they possess the other — or worse, to regard them as interchangeable. In reality, these two technologies represent entirely different approaches to modeling and…

The creation of a Digital Twin is not limited to building a 3D model; it’s essentially a process of designing a complex data architecture where geometry, semantics, and operational data are tightly linked. In this context, standards such as CityGML, developed…

AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) APPLICATIONS: TOWARDS SPATIAL COMPUTING THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TWINS Augmented Reality (AR) technology is evolving beyond its initial entertainment applications to become a technical tool in industrial management and operations. This shift is driven…

Foundations for Understanding Urban Digital Twins: Digital Maps, GIS, and 3D Urban Models When people mention digital twins, they are often captivated by ‘lifelike’ 3D images. However, focusing solely on the visual aspect is merely touching the surface, not the essence….

What’s so ‘special’ about a 3D urban model and how to exploit it to create value? In Part 1, we looked at the Urban Digital Twin from the foundation of ‘digital maps and GIS’: a city in the digital world composed…

Urban Digital Twin should not be understood as a 3D model for presentation, but rather as a method for building a ‘digital replica’ capable of describing, analyzing, and supporting data-driven decision-making. However, precisely because of its strong reliance on data, many…